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腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗异位妊娠的临床研究

人气指数: 发布时间:2015-01-05 10:17  来源:http://www.zgqkk.com  作者: 文帮芬
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  [摘要] 目的 比较腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗异位妊娠的临床效果,寻找最佳手术治疗方式。方法 选择符合标准的患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,观察组采用腹腔镜手术,对照组采用传统开腹手术,比较手术效果。结果 观察组患者手术时间(50.24±10.72)min,术中出血量(67.93±14.95)mL;对照组患者手术时间(82.39±15.80)min,术中出血量(99.14±20.83)mL;观察组患者手术时间及术中出血量均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后肛门排气时间、术后下床活动时间及术后住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组有生育要求保留输卵管者28例、对照组26例,术后输卵管通畅率及宫内妊娠率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 腹腔镜下手术治疗异位妊娠,具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快、术后宫内妊娠率高、异位妊娠复发率低,尤其适合有保留生育要的异位妊娠患者。

  [关键词] 异位妊娠;腹腔镜;开腹手术;术后受孕率

  [中图分类号] R713.8 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2014)11(c)-0008-02

  [Abstract] Objective To compare the clinical effect of laparoscopic operation vs. open operation in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy so as to search for the best operation way. Methods 80 eligible patients were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 40 patients in each group. The observation group used laparoscopic operation, while the control group used traditional open operation, and the effects were compared. Results The operative time and intra-operative blood loss in the patients of the observation group was (50.24±10.72) min and (67.93±14.95) ml, respectively, while that in the patients of the control group was (82.39±15.80) min and (99.14±20.83) ml, respectively. The operative time and intra-operative blood loss in the patients of the observation group were both less than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The patients of the observation group had shorter postoperative time for passage of gas by anus and out-of-bed activity, and postoperative length of stay than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Twenty-eight patients of the observation group and twenty-six patients of the control group required to keep fallopian tubes, but the postoperative patency rate of fallopian tubes and intrauterine gestation rate in the patients of the observation group were both higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic operation for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy has advantages of smaller operation wound, rapider postoperative recovery, higher rate of postoperative intrauterine gestation, and lower recurrence rate of ectopic pregnancy, and is especially applicable for the ectopic pregnancy patients requiring preservation of fertility.

  [Key words] Ectopic pregnancy; Laparoscope; Open operation; Postoperative conception rate

  异位妊娠指受精卵在子宫体腔外着床发育,约占妊娠的1%~2%,其中输卵管妊娠占异位妊娠的90%以上[1],主要症状为不规则阴道流血及腹痛等,如果破裂出血救治不及时,可危及患者的生命安全,是妇产科临床常见的急腹症之一。研究报道,异位妊娠的发生率逐年增加并呈年轻化趋势,主要与盆腔感染、人工流产率增高等因素有关[2]。异位妊娠多发生在育龄妇女,对于不宜采用保守治疗的患者需手术治疗,而传统开腹手术对患者生育功能可造成一定的影响。随着微创手术技术的发展和完善,腹腔镜在妇科手术中的应用越来越多。该研究2010年1月—2012年1月采用腹腔镜治疗异位妊娠,临床疗效满意,现报道如下。

  1 资料与方法

  1.1 一般资料

  选择符合上述标准的患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。观察组:年龄19~42岁,平均(32.75±8.10)岁。已婚37例、未婚3例。经产妇21例、未产妇19例。停经时间51~63 d,平均(57.29±4.78)d。包块直径2.9~4.0 cm,平均(3.27±0.46)cm。异位妊娠部位:左侧输卵管19例、右侧输卵管21例;壶腹部25例、峡部11例、伞部3例和间质部1例。后穹隆穿刺抽出不凝血17例、未抽出不凝血23例。对照组:年龄18~40岁,平均(32.26±8.03)岁。已婚36例、未婚4例。经产妇23例、未产妇17例。停经时间52~61 d,平均(57.02±4.71)d。包块直径2.6~4.0 cm,平均(3.21±0.44)cm。异位妊娠部位:左侧输卵管18例、右侧输卵管22例;壶腹部24例、峡部12例、伞部2例和间质部2例。后穹隆穿刺抽出不凝血18例、未抽出不凝血22例。两组患者在年龄、停经时间等一般资料方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

  1.2 病例选择

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